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Las fuentes de energía

Materias primas

Duración:
10:00
Agrupamiento:
1

Antes de empezar, vamos a pensar en la energía que usamos en nuestra vida diaria. ¿De dónde crees que la obtenemos? ¿Cuál es su fuente? ¿Qué materia prima se ha usado para producirla?

Cocinando
Banco de Imágenes y Sonidos del INTEF/
Francisco Javier Martínez Adrados. Cocinando (CC BY-NC-SA)

Elabora con tus compañeros y compañeras una lista de materias primas que usamos para producir la energía eléctrica que usamos diariamente.

Las fuentes de energía

Las fuentes de energía

Los recursos naturales de los que obtenemos la energía que empleamos son las fuentes de energía. Existen dos tipos de fuentes de energía: las renovables y las no renovables.

Las fuentes de energía renovables

Las fuentes de energía renovables son aquellas que no se agotan aunque se usen. Las fuentes renovables más destacadas son:

  • El Sol: emite energía en forma de luz y de calor. La luz se capta mediante placas fotovoltaicas y se transforma en energía eléctrica.
  • El viento: posee energía mecánica que es capaz de mover objetos como las aspas de los molinos o los barcos veleros. A este tipo de energía se le llama energía eólica.
  • El agua: cuando está en movimiento, posee energía mecánica. Se construyen presas en los ríos que originan saltos de agua para aprovechar este tipo de energía que se transforma en electricidad en las centrales hidroeléctricas.
  • La biomasa: son los restos de los seres vivos. Con ella se puede obtener energía eléctrica o energía térmica, e incluso se puede transformar en combustible para automóviles.
  • El calor interno de la Tierra: es la llamada energía geotérmica, se puede aprovechar directamente para calentar agua o para calefacción, o se puede transformar en energía eléctrica. Este tipo de energía se usa mucho en Islandia.
Fuentes de energía renovables
Delia C. Dumitru elaborada con Canva. Fuentes de energía renovables (CC BY-NC-SA)

Las fuentes de energía no renovables

Las fuentes de energía no renovables son recursos naturales limitados, por lo que se pueden agotar. Existen dos tipos de fuente de energía no renovables:

  • Los combustibles fósiles: como el carbón, el gas natural y el petróleo. Se emplean en las centrales térmicas para producir electricidad, para la calefacción de las viviendas o se emplean en el transporte, pero en la combustión que se realiza para producir energía eléctrica también se producen gases y humo, que se mezclan con el aire y lo contaminan. Respirar aire contaminado es perjudicial para la salud.
  • El uranio y el plutonio: son sustancias de origen mineral y se utilizan en las centrales nucleares, donde se transforma en energía eléctrica.
Fuentes de energía no renovables
Delia C. Dumitru elaborada con Canva.
Fuentes de energía no renovables (CC BY-NC-SA)

Adivina la fuente

2

Observe las letras, identifique y rellene las palabras que faltan. Lee las características e identifica las fuentes de energía.

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Su navegador no es compatible con esta herramienta.

Renovable-No renovable

Marca la respuesta correcta.

Pregunta 1

1. El gasoleo es una fuente de energía renovable.

Pregunta 2

2. La energía eólica es una fuente de energía renovable.

Pregunta 3

3. El calor interno de la Tierra es una fuente de energía no renovable.

Pregunta 4

4. El gas natural es una fuente de energía renovable.

Pregunta 5

5. La biomasa es una fuente de energía renovable.