Nivel uno. La tabla y más

Nos introducimos en el mundo de la formulación

Enhorabuena si estáis aquí es porque habéis superado el nivel cero. ¡Adelante vamos con el primer nivel! Conocemos por qué se empezó a formular y cómo es necesario establecer una serie de reglas y criterios para que todos y todas tengamos los mismos criterios para formular y nombrar los compuestos químicos.

Para entrar en este mundo vamos a investigar una serie de conceptos básicos, que son imprescindibles para poder superar este nivel y los posteriores.

Nuestro primer objetivo: conocer los elementos químicos que vamos a utilizar.

Nuestras herramientas en formulación

Duración:: 3 sesiones
Agrupamiento:: Grupos e individualmente

En esta tarea, vamos a conocer los elementos químicos que vamos a utilizar y para familiarizarnos con ellos, vamos a trabajar en grupos en las siguientes tareas:

Interactuamos con la tabla periódica y cada grupo busca información sobre cuatro elementos químicos que el profesor/a repartirá al azar, esta información la presentaremos en fichas.
Conocemos los elementos químicos que vamos a utilizar y sus estados de oxidación y realizamos carteles que pondremos en las paredes del aula.
Trabajamos en grupos de cuatro.
Finalmente, para superar el nivel uno debemos resolver individualmente dos actividades: una "sopa de letras de los elementos químicos" y "selecciona la respuesta correcta".

¡Conozcamos nuestras herramientas!

La tabla periódica y los elementos químicos

Los elementos químicos están ordenados en la tabla periódica según número atómico creciente. Actualmente, la tabla periódica se compone de 118 elementos distribuidos en 7 filas horizontales llamadas periodos y 18 columnas verticales, conocidas como grupos. Su descubridor, el químico ruso Dmitri Mendeléiev, no fue premiado con el Nobel por lo que es una de las contribuciones capitales en la historia de la química. A cambio, en 1955 recibió el honor de prestar su nombre al mendelevio (Md), el elemento químico de número atómico 101 en la tabla periódica.

Conozcamos la tabla periódica rapeando

Emprende Rapeando. Aprende rapeando (Licencia estándar de YouTube)

Estos elementos van a ser nuestras herramientas básicas en la formulación, pero no nos asustemos no vamos a utiliza los 118 elementos.

Tarea: Interactuamos con la tabla periódica, cada grupo busca información sobre cinco elementos químicos, siguiendo las siguientes normas:
- Nuestro profesor/ra reparte al azar los elementos en los grupos:

Grupo	Elementos Químicos
A	Litio, sodio, potasio, plata y hierro
B	Berilio, magnesio, bario, estroncio y cobre
C	Cloro, bromo, yodo y estaño
D	Azufre, selenio, telurio, platino
E	Fósforo, nitrógeno, arsénico y boro

Nos informamos sobre que debemos buscar
- Cada ficha debe contener como mínimo la siguiente información:
  - Nombre del elemento y símbolo
  - Numero atómico
  - Breve historia del elemento
  - Número de oxidación

Las fichas pueden presentarse en cartulina o en formato digital

Nuestras herramientas

Para formular, utilizaremos los siguientes elementos con sus números de oxidación. Primero conoceremos qué es el número de oxidación.

Los números de oxidación o estados de oxidación son números enteros que representan el número de electrones que un átomo pone en juego cuando forma un compuesto determinado.
El número de oxidación es positivo si el átomo pierde electrones, o los comparte con un átomo que tenga tendencia a captarlos.
Y será negativo cuando el átomo gane electrones, o los comparta con un átomo que tenga tendencia a cederlos.
Valencia es la capacidad de un elemento para combinarse con otro elemento.

En la siguiente imagen podemos ver los elementos químicos que vamos a utilizar y números de oxidación correspondientes

Ahora es nuestro turno, vamos a poner en carteles los elementos químicos que vamos a utilizar con sus números de oxidación. Cada grupo elaborará un cartel.

Para elaborar los carteles seguimos los siguientes criterios:

Grupo	Carteles	Criterio
Grupo A	Cartel 1	Metales con número de oxidación: +1 Metales con número de oxidación: +2 Metales con número de oxidación: +3
Grupo B	Cartel 2	Metales con números de oxidación: +1 y +3 Metales con números de oxidación: +1 y +2 Metales con números de oxidación: +2 y +3 Metales con números de oxidación: +2 y +4
Grupo C	Cartel 3	No metales con números de oxidación: -1, +1, +3, +5, y +7 No metales con números de oxidación: -3, +3 y +5 Caso del nitrógeno y el boro
Grupo D	Cartel 4	No metales con números de oxidación: -2, +2, +4 y +6 No metales con números de oxidación: -2, +2 y +4 Casos de Manganeso y cromo

Para elaborar los carteles podemos utilizar las siguientes ayudas:

Una vez que hemos terminado, los colocamos en las paredes de la clase para tenerlos bien a la vista.

Sopa de letras de los elementos químicos

Para lograr el nivel uno debemos hacer la siguiente sopa de letras de los elementos químicos. Esta actividad la haremos individualmente

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Selecciona las respuestas correctas y pulsa sobre el botón "responder"

undefined

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Su navegador no es compatible con esta herramienta.

Tarea: Evaluamos y reflexionamos

Duración:: 1/4 sesión
Agrupamiento:: Individual

Estamos en el nivel uno, antes de empezar a profundizar en formulación y nomenclatura, es el momento adecuado para detenernos y pensar en qué nivel estamos y qué hemos aprendido y entender cómo se va construyendo nuestro porfolio. Para ello seguiremos el siguiente procedimiento:

Revisamos nuestro porfolio para ponerlo al día añadiendo lo que nos falta y nuestras aportaciones personales, por otra parte, nuestro profesor/ra lo revisará mediante la escala para evaluar porfolios y validará que hemos superado los niveles cero y uno.
Realizamos nuestra autoevaluación teniendo como referencia la escala para evaluar porfolios y las notas que ha añadido nuestro profesor/ra
Realizamos una reflexión personal sobre nuestro aprendizaje y la ponemos también en el porfolio. Algunas cuestiones que nos podemos preguntar pueden ser:

¿Qué he aprendido? ¿Soy capaz de resumirlo en unas pocas frases?
¿Qué me ha sorprendido más de todo el proceso? ¿Por qué?
¿He cambiado alguna idea previa? ¿Cuál?
¿Qué me ha resultado más difícil? ¿Por qué? ¿Cómo lo podría superar? ¿Quién me pueda ayudar?
¿Qué me está gustando más? ¿A quién podría ayudar?

Añadimos cualquier otra reflexión que consideremos

Escala de evaluación del porfolio (descarga de documento en formato editable odt y en pdf)

escala porfolio

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