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El género y el número de los sustantivos

Recordamos lo que sabemos

Pirámide de color negro
Pixabay/Bedexpstock. Pirámide (Pixabay License)

Las palabras que nombran a personas, animales, objetos, lugares, ideas y sentimientos son sustantivos o nombres: silla, globo, mesa, lápiz, niño...

Desde siempre el ser humano ha puesto nombre a todo lo que le rodea. Lo vamos a representar con una pirámide de color negro, recordando así, la firmeza y solidez de los sustantivos. 

Pirámide de color azul claro
Diana Schmid. Pirámide azul (CC BY-SA)

Los artículos son una palabras cortas que acompañan al sustantivo. Van siempre delante de él.  Lo vamos a representar con una pirámide de color azul clara más pequeña que la del sustantivo, porque lo acompaña: la mesa, las sillas, el mantel, los vasos...

Oraciones con los símbolos de los sólidos gramaticales
Diana Schmid. mesa y mantel (CC BY-SA)

Variaciones del sustantivo

El sustantivo presenta dos variaciones: en género y número.       
                                        
Niño jugando con una cometa
Pixabay/jambulboy. Niño y cometa (Pixabay License)
                                      
Niña con un globo en la mano
Pixabay/MiluCernochova. Niña y globo (Pixabay License)
oración con sólidos gramaticales
Diana Schmid. Oración 1 (CC BY-SA)
Oración con sólidos gramaticales
Diana Schmid. Oración 2 (CC BY-SA)

El género del sustantivo puede ser femenino o masculino.

Niño y globo son sustantivos que acaban con la letra o, tienen género masculino; les acompaña, además, el artículo el.
Niña y cometa son sustantivos que acaban con la letra a, tienen género femenino; les acompaña, además, el artículo la.

Una casa de colores
Pixabay/dz-younes. Casa (Pixabay License)
Diferentes casas de colores
Pixabay/Jocefm84. Casas (Pixabay License)
Dos palabras en singular
Diana Schmid. La casa (CC BY-SA)
Dos palabras en plural
Diana Schmid. Las casas (CC BY-SA)

El número del sustantivo puede ser singular o plural.

Casa es un sustantivo que indica que solo hay una; por tanto, está en singular, le acompaña también el artículo la. 
Casas es un sustantivo que indica que hay muchas; por tanto, está en plural, le acompaña también el artículo las.

Género del sustantivo

El género del sustantivo puede ser femenino o masculino.

Un sustantivo es masculino cuando va precedido del artículo el o los: el niño, los sacos. Un sustantivo es femenino cuando va precedido del artículo la o las: la niña, las sillas.

  • La mayoría de los sustantivos solo tienen una forma de género, masculino o femenino: la silla, no se dice el silla; el tornillo, no se dice la tornillo.
  • Los sustantivos masculinos acaban generalmente con la vocal o: el hijo, el vaso...
  • Los sustantivos femeninos acaban generalmente con la vocal a: la hija, la mesa…
  • Muchos sustantivos tienen distinta palabra para cada uno de los géneros: el toro y la vaca.
  • Algunos sustantivos utilizan una forma común para el femenino y el masculino y cambia el artículo: el joven y la joven.
  • Muchos de los animales tienen una forma común para el femenino y el masculino sin cambiar el artículo: la cebra, el elefante; así añadiremos macho o hembra: el elefante macho, el elefante hembra.

Masculino o femenino

Lee las preguntas y elige la respuesta correcta. 

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Su navegador no es compatible con esta herramienta.

Número del sustantivo

El número del sustantivo puede ser singular o plural.

Un sustantivo es singular cuando se refiere a un solo ser u objeto: el niño, la silla. Un sustantivo es plural cuando se refiere a varios seres u objetos: los niños, las sillas. 

  • Se forma añadiendo al final de cada sustantivo -s si el sustantivo acaba en vocal, o -es si el sustantivo acaba en consonante:

la mesa/ las mesas
el sillón/ los sillones

  • Si el sustantivo acaba en -z el plural pasa a -ces: el lápiz/ los lápices.
  • Algunos sustantivos no cambian la forma: el paraguas/ los paraguas.

Singular o plural

Lee las preguntas y selecciona las respuestas correctas.

undefined
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Su navegador no es compatible con esta herramienta.

Artículo y género

Escribe el artículo que corresponda: el, los, la o las. Señala si es masculino o femenino. Fíjate en el ejemplo:

  • El vaso- masculino                     
  • chica-
  • niños-
  • edificio-
  • manteles-
  • colcha-
  • calcetines-
  • jardín-
  • lámpara-
  • cortinas-

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Elige bien: género y número

Elige el género (masculino/femenino) y el número (singular/plural) de los siguientes sustantivos. Fíjate en el ejemplo.

  • El vaso → masculino singular
  • Los árboles →
  • La vaca →
  • Las flores →
  • El mantel →
  • El ordenador →
  • La huerta →
  • El cuadro →
  • Los caballos →
  • Las casas →
  • La taza →

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Concordancia: género y número

Pregunta

Señala los sustantivos y artículos que concuerden correctamente.

Recuerda: el artículo y el sustantivo han de estar en el mismo género y número.

Respuestas

Las tazas

El mesa

La silla

Los estuches

Los parque

El suelo

La campos

La yegua

El ratones

El estudiante

Retroalimentación