Ura, etengabeko mugimenduan

Uraren zikloa

Uraren zikloa, ziklo hidrologikoa bezala ere ezagutzen dena, urak Lurrean duen zirkulazio-prozesua da. Ziklo biogeokimiko nabarmenetako bat da: ura fisikoki eraldatzen joaten da, bero, hotz, desplazamendu eta antzeko faktoreen eraginez, eta materiaren hiru egoeretatik igarotzen da, hau da, likido, solido eta gaseosotik.

Ura etengabe mugitzen da hidrosferan, eta egoera batetik bestera igarotzen da eguzki-energiari esker. Uraren etengabeko zirkulazio horri “Uraren zikloa” deitzen zaio.

Ataza: Uraren zikloa ikertzen

Iraupena:: 3 saio
Taldea:: Banaka eta taldean

Badakigu uraren zikloak paper handia duela gure bizitzetan. Horren garrantzia ikertuko dugu, eta, horretarako, uraren zikloan sartuko gara VideoQuExt baten bidez; jarraian, uraren zikloaren gaineko poster bat egingo dugu, fitxa hidrologikoak erabilita. Azkenik, uraren zikloa modu esperimentalean ikertu eta ateratako ondorioak txosten batean idatziko ditugu.

VideoQuExt: Uraren zikola

Elija la respuesta correcta

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7%FC%B2%E2%F3%E3%E7%F7%E6%F7%B2%C1%D1%DD%C0%DF%BC%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C3%E7%F7%E1%E6%FB%FD%FC%B0%A8%B0%C2%E0%F7%F5%E7%FC%E6%F3%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%D3%FC%E1%E5%F7%E0%B0%A8%B0%C0%F7%E1%E2%FD%FC%F6%F7%E0%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%DD%FC%FE%EB%C1%F3%E4%F7%C1%F1%FD%E0%F7%B0%A8%B03%C1a%FE%FD%B2%E2%E7%F7%F6%F7%B2%F5%E7%F3%E0%F6%F3%E0%B2%FE%F3%B2%E2%E7%FC%E6%E7%F3%F1%FBa%FC%B2%E7%FC%F3%B2%E4%F7%E8%B3%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%DD%FC%FE%EB%C1%F3%E4%F7%B0%A8%B0%C1a%FE%FD%B2%E2%E7%F7%F6%F7%B2%F5%E7%F3%E0%F6%F3%E0%B2%E7%FC%F3%B2%E4%F7%E8%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%DB%FC%F4%FD%E0%FF%F3%E6%FB%FD%FC%B0%A8%B0%DB%FC%F4%FD%E0%FF%F3%F1%FBa%FC%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%CB%FD%E7%C1%F1%FD%E0%F7%B0%A8%B0%C1%E7%B2%E2%E7%FC%E6%E7%F3%F1%FBa%FC%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%D3%E7%E6%FA%FD%E0%B0%A8%B0%D3%E7%E6%FD%E0%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%DD%FC%FE%EB%C1%F3%E4%F7%D3%E7%E6%FD%B0%A8%B0%C1%E7%B2%E2%E7%FC%E6%E7%F3%F1%FBa%FC%B2%E1%F7%B2%F5%E7%F3%E0%F6%F3%E0s%B2%F6%F7%E1%E2%E7%7B%E1%B2%F6%F7%B2%F1%F3%F6%F3%B2%E2%E0%F7%F5%E7%FC%E6%F3%BC%B2%C1a%FE%FD%B2%E2%E7%F7%F6%F7%B2%F8%E7%F5%F3%E0%B2%E7%FC%F3%B2%E4%F7%E8%BC%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C1%F3%E4%F7%D3%E7%E6%FD%B0%A8%B0%C1%E7%B2%E2%E7%FC%E6%E7%F3%F1%FBa%FC%B2%E1%F7%B2%F5%E7%F3%E0%F6%F3%E0s%B2%F3%E7%E6%FD%FFs%E6%FB%F1%F3%FF%F7%FC%E6%F7%B2%F6%F7%E1%E2%E7%7B%E1%B2%F6%F7%B2%F1%F3%F6%F3%B2%E2%E0%F7%F5%E7%FC%E6%F3%BC%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C1%F7%E4%F7%E0%F3%FE%C1%F1%FD%E0%F7%B0%A8%B0%C2%E7%F7%F6%F7%B2%F5%E7%F3%E0%F6%F3%E0%B2%FE%F3%B2%E2%E7%FC%E6%E7%F3%F1%FBa%FC%B2%E6%F3%FC%E6%F3%E1%B2%E4%F7%F1%F7%E1%B2%F1%FD%FF%FD%B2%E3%E7%FB%F7%E0%F3%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%CB%FD%E7%DE%F3%E1%E6%C1%F1%FD%E0%F7%B0%A8%B0%DE%F3%B2h%FE%E6%FB%FF%F3%B2%E2%E7%FC%E6%E7%F3%F1%FBa%FC%B2%F5%E7%F3%E0%F6%F3%F6%F3%B2%F7%E1%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%D3%F1%E6%FB%E6%EB%D1%FD%FF%E2%FE%EB%B0%A8%B0%CB%F3%B2%FA%F3%B2%E0%F7%F3%FE%FB%E8%F3%F6%FD%B2%F7%E1%E6%F3%B2%F3%F1%E6%FB%E4%FB%F6%F3%F6%BC%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C2%FE%F3%EB%C1%F7%E4%F7%E0%F3%FE%C6%FB%FF%F7%E1%B0%A8%B0%C2%E7%F7%F6%F7%B2%E0%F7%F3%FE%FB%E8%F3%E0%B2%F7%E1%E6%F3%B2%F3%F1%E6%FB%E4%FB%F6%F3%F6%B2%F1%E7%F3%FC%E6%F3%E1%B2%E4%F7%F1%F7%E1%B2%E3%E7%FB%F7%E0%F3%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C6%E0%EB%D3%F5%F3%FB%FC%B0%A8%B0%DC%F7%F1%F7%E1%FB%E6%F3%B2%F3%FE%B2%FF%F7%FC%FD%E1%B2%E7%FC%B2%B7%E1%B7%B2%F6%F7%B2%E0%F7%E1%E2%E7%F7%E1%E6%F3%E1%B2%F1%FD%E0%E0%F7%F1%E6%F3%E1%B2%E2%F3%E0%F3%B2%F1%FD%FC%E1%F7%F5%E7%FB%E0%B2%FE%F3%B2%FB%FC%F4%FD%E0%FF%F3%F1%FBa%FC%BC%B2%C4%E7%F7%FE%E4%F3%B2%F3%B2%FB%FC%E6%F7%FC%E6%F3%E0%FE%FD%BC%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%D1%FE%FD%E1%F7%B0%A8%B0%D1%F7%E0%E0%F3%E0%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%DD%E2%E6%FB%FD%FC%B0%A8%B0%DD%E2%F1%FBa%FC%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C0%FB%F1%F9%C6%F7%EA%E6%B0%A8%B0%C6%F7%EA%E6%FD%B2%F7%FC%E0%FB%E3%E7%F7%F1%FB%F6%FD%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C7%E1%F7%D4%E7%FE%DB%FC%F4%FD%E0%FF%F3%E6%FB%FD%FC%B0%A8%B0%F7%B2%FB%FC%F4%FD%E0%FF%F3%F1%FBa%FC%B2%E3%E7%F7%B2%E1%F7%E0s%B2%FF%E7%EB%B2h%E6%FB%FE%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%DE%FD%F3%F6%FB%FC%F5%B0%A8%B0%D1%F3%E0%F5%F3%FC%F6%FD%BC%B2%D7%E1%E2%F7%E0%F7%BE%B2%E2%FD%E0%B2%F4%F3%E4%FD%E0%BC%BC%BC%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C2%FD%FB%FC%E6%E1%B0%A8%B0%E2%E7%FC%E6%FD%E1%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%DB%FC%F6%FB%F1%F3%E6%F7%C5%FD%E0%F6%B0%A8%B0%C2%E0%FD%E2%FD%E0%F1%FB%FD%FC%F7%B2%E7%FC%F3%B2%E2%F3%FE%F3%F0%E0%F3%B2%FD%B2%F7%EA%E2%E0%F7%E1%FBa%FC%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C0%F7%E2%FE%EB%B0%A8%B0%C0%F7%E1%E2%FD%FC%F6%F7%E0%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C2%F3%E7%E1%F7%C4%FB%F6%F7%FD%B0%A8%B0%C2%F3%E7%E1%F3%E0%B2%F7%FE%B2%E4%7F%F6%F7%FD%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C2%E0%F7%E4%FB%F7%E5%C3%E7%F7%E1%E6%FB%FD%FC%E1%B0%A8%B0%DF%FD%E1%E6%E0%F3%E0%B2%FE%F3%E1%B2%E2%E0%F7%F5%E7%FC%E6%F3%E1%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C0%F7%FE%FD%F3%F6%C4%FB%F6%F7%FD%B0%A8%B0%C0%F7%F1%F3%E0%F5%F3%E0%B2%F7%FE%B2%E4%7F%F6%F7%FD%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C3%E7%F7%E1%E6%FB%FD%FC%E1%B0%A8%B0%C2%E0%F7%F5%E7%FC%E6%F3%E1%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%DB%FC%F6%FB%F1%F3%E6%F7%C1%FD%FE%E7%E6%FB%FD%FC%B0%A8%B0%DB%FC%F6%FB%E3%E7%F7%B2%FE%F3%B2%E1%FD%FE%E7%F1%FBa%FC%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C1%FD%FE%E7%E6%FB%FD%FC%B0%A8%B0%C1%FD%FE%E7%F1%FBa%FC%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%D4%FB%E0%E1%E6%C3%E7%F7%E1%E6%FB%FD%FC%B0%A8%B0%C2%E0%FB%FF%F7%E0%F3%B2%E2%E0%F7%F5%E7%FC%E6%F3%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%DC%F7%EA%E6%C3%E7%F7%E1%E6%FB%FD%FC%B0%A8%B0%C1%FB%F5%E7%FB%F7%FC%E6%F7%B2%E2%E0%F7%F5%E7%FC%E6%F3%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C2%E0%F7%E4%FB%FD%E7%E1%C3%E7%F7%E1%E6%FB%FD%FC%B0%A8%B0%C2%E0%F7%F5%E7%FC%E6%F3%B2%E2%E0%F7%E4%FB%F3%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%DE%F3%E1%E6%C3%E7%F7%E1%E6%FB%FD%FC%B0%A8%B0H%FE%E6%FB%FF%F3%B2%E2%E0%F7%F5%E7%FC%E6%F3%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%C3%E7%F7%E1%E6%FB%FD%FC%DC%E7%FF%F0%F7%E0%B0%A8%B0%DCh%FF%F7%E0%FD%B2%F6%F7%B2%FE%F3%B2%E2%E0%F7%F5%E7%FC%E6%F3%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%D1%FD%E0%E0%F7%F1%E6%B0%A8%B0%D1%FD%E0%E0%F7%F1%E6%FD%B0%BE%B0%FF%E1%F5%DB%FC%F1%FD%E0%E0%F7%F1%E6%B0%A8%B0%DB%FC%F1%FD%E0%E0%F7%F1%E6%FD%B0%EF%EF

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Uraren zikloaren etapak

Uraren zikloa hainbat etapa eta prozesuk osatzen dute, eta horietan uraren egoera aldatu egiten da etengabe eta mugarik gabe errepikatzen den ziklo batean. Ura oinarrizko substantzia da Lurreko bizitzarako, izaki bizidun guztiek ura behar baitute garatzeko eta bizitzeko; uraren zikloari esker, ura hidrosferatik zehar ibiltzen da, denok erabil ahal izan dezagun.

Jarraian, irudien galerian, uraren zikloaren etapei buruzko informazio-fitxa batzuk aurkituko ditugu. Fitxa horietatik lortutako informazioarekin uraren zikloari buruzko poster bat egingo dugu, lauko taldean. Posterra amaitu ondoren, ikasgelan erakutsiko ditugu, eta horien aurkezpena egingo dugu.

Posterra egiteko, puntu hauek hartuko ditugu kontuan:

Taldean rolak eta atazak banatuko ditugu
Atazak egiteko epeak jarriko ditugu
Posterraren aurkezpena: taldekide guztiek hartuko dugu parte

Rolak eta atazak

Plangintzaren antolatzailea: Posterra planifikatzea
Materialen antolatzailea
Informazioaren antolatzailea: Kontsultatu fitxa hidrologikoak eta erabaki zer informazio sartu; beharrezkoa bada, bilatu informazio gehiago
Irudien antolatzailea: Aukeratu zein irudi erabili

Ziklo hidrologikoa 4 etapa nagusik osatzen dute: lurrunketak, kondentsazioak, prezipitazioak eta bilketak

Zenbait ingurumen-faktorek parte hartzen dute, hala nola eguzki-energiak (ziklo honen bultzatzaile nagusia) eta haizeak.

Irudi galeria: Fitxa hidrologikoak

Uraren zikloa esperimentalki ikertuko dugu

Ikusi dugu uraren zikloa transformazio-prozesu bat dela, hiru egoeretatik igarotzen baita. Ura egoera batetik bestera igarotzeak ziklo bat osatzen du. Ezinezkoa da zehaztea materiaren zein egoeratan hasten den, ziklo bat baita, hau da, zirkularra da eta ez du ez hasierarik, ez amaierarik. Hala ere, azalpena errazteko, hiru urrats garrantzitsu deskribatzen dira.

Lehenengoa lurrunketa da. Urrats hori gertatzen da ozeanoetako eta itsasoetako ura eguzkiak sortutako beroaren ondorioz berotu, gas-egoerara igaro eta atmosferaraino igotzen denean. Horri “lurrunketa” esaten diogu. Atmosferara iritsitakoan, hodeiak sortzen hasten dira.
Hurrengo urratsa kondentsazioa da. Kondentsazioa gertatzen da ur-kopuru handi bat atmosferaraino igotzen denean. Goian, tenperatura oso baxua da eta aire hotza dago; hortaz, lurruna hoztu egiten da. Airearen hotzak sortzen du kondentsazioa, eta ura jatorrizko egoerara itzultzen du.
Azkenik, prezipitazioa gertatzen da. Prezipitazioa kondentsazioaren ondoren gertatzen da, lurrun forman zegoen ura atmosferatik euri moduan erortzen denean. Horrela, ura itsasoetara eta ozeanoetara itzultzen da, eta Lurrean ziklo konstante bat osatzen du.

Ikertu dezagun esperimentalki nola gertatzen den:

Uraren zikloarekin esperimentatuko dugu

Materialak

Lapikoa eta ura irakiteko suak
Plastikozko botila bat
Beirazko bi edalontzi
Aluminio-paper zati bat
Izotzak
Plastikozko edalontzi bat
Pospoloak

Esperimentazio-txokoak

Prozedura
Kondentsazioaren txokoa	Jarri ura irakiten lapiko batean (une honetan lurrunketa ikus daiteke). Bete beirazko edalontzi bat ur horrekin. Estali plastikozko edalontzi batekin eta itxaron minutu batez Ikusi zer gertatzen den.
Hodeiak sortzeko txokoa	Berotu ura lapiko batean. Bete plastikozko botila bat erdia baino pixka bat gutxiago, jarri tapoia eta astindu gogor. Kendu tapoia, piztu pospolo bat eta sartu botilan. Itxi berriro. Astindu eta estutu botila segundo batzuez, eta askatu apurka-apurka. Ikusi zer gertatzen den.
Prezipitazioaren txokoa	Jarri ura irakiten. Bete baso erdia ur horrekin. Estali goialdea aluminio-paperarekin. Jarri izotza aluminio-paperaren gainean eta itxaron minutu batzuez Ikusi zer gertatzen den.

Ondorioak

Txosten batean idatzi aurreko esperimentuak egitean lortutako ondorioak eta izandako zailtasunak

Azalpena:

Kondentsazioaren txokoa
Azalpena eta emaitza: Gainazaleko ur beroa ur-lurrun bihurtu da, eta igo egiten da. Igotzen denean, hoztu egiten da, eta plastikozko edalontzian tantatxoak sortzen dira.
Hodeiak sortzeko txokoa
Azalpena eta emaitza: Botila estutu eta astintzen dugunean, ur-lurruna sortzen da barruan, eta lurruna tantatxo-laino bihurtzen da (pospoloaren keak lagunduta).
Prezipitazioaren txokoa
Azalpena eta emaitza: Ur beroa ur-lurrun bihurtzen da eta igo egiten da (kondentsazioan bezalaxe). Izotzak lurruna hozten du aluminio-paperaren bidez, eta lurrun hori ur-tantatxoen eran erortzen da denbora baten ondoren.

Ebaluazioa eta hausnarketa

Ataza amaitu ondoren, gure ikaskuntza-egunerokoan hausnarketa egiteko une bat har dezakegu. Hauek izan daitezke egin ditzakegun galdera batzuk:

Zer ikasi dut?
Prozesuan zehar zerk harritu nau gehien? Zergatik?
Aldatu al dut aurretik nuen iritzirik? Zein?
Zer izan da zailena? Zergatik?

Erronka hori balorazio-eskala honen arabera ebaluatuko da:

Txosten idatzi baten balorazio-eskala (edita daitekeen dokumentua odt formatuan eta pdf formatuan deskargatzea):

Zientziari buruzko poster baten balorazio-eskala (edita daitekeen dokumentua odt formatuan eta pdf formatuan deskargatzea):

Laborategiko lana ebaluatzeko eskala (odt formatu editagarrian eta pdf formatuan deskargatu):

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