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Importancia de los invertebrados

La importancia de los invertebrados

Los invertebrados son una extensa familia de animales que tiene una gran importancia ecológica. Os preguntaréis cómo pueden ser tan importantes: pues os lo vamos a explicar.

Este gran grupo de animales es fuente de alimento para otros muchos animales más grandes, como los vertebrados, incluidos los humanos. Pulpos, calamares, ostras, cangrejos, mejillones, langostas y muchos invertebrados más forman parte de nuestra dieta. Además, los invertebrados ayudan en el control biológico de plagas y equilibran los ecosistemas. Otra de las funciones que algunos de los invertebrados pueden realizar es la de polinizar, transportando el polen de unas plantas a otras, fertilizándolas y, por lo tanto, haciendo que se reproduzcan. Gracias a los invertebrados podemos disfrutar de frutas y semillas, ya que realizan una labor esencial en la naturaleza.

Muchas especies de invertebrados son utilizados como fuente de materias primas. De las abejas obtenemos miel, jalea real o cera; gracias a los gusanos y sus capullos logramos seda con la que confeccionar prendas de vestir y de las ostras podemos obtener perlas, entre muchos otros ejemplos.

Los invertebrados se ven en peligro debido a la destrucción de sus hábitats mediante la deforestación, la agricultura intensiva o la urbanización de diferentes áreas. Todas estas acciones reducen el espacio donde pueden vivir y les obligan a desplazarse a otras zonas. La contaminación y el cambio climático también afectan a la supervivencia de los invertebrados dado que son especialmente sensibles a los cambios en el medio ambiente. Es importante cuidar y mantener la naturaleza y nuestro entorno para evitar la disminución de las colonias de invertebrados, así como la extinción de algunas de sus especies.

Abejorro polinizando flor de jara
Banco de imágenes y sonidos (INTEF)/ César Domingo Puig. Abejorro polinizando flor de jara (CC BY-NC-SA)
Marisco variado expuesto para la venta
Banco de imágenes y sonidos (INTEF)/ Juan F. Morillo. Marisco variado expuesto para la venta (CC BY-NC-SA)

¿Qué pasaría si se extinguieran las abejas?

Mira este vídeo sobre la importancia de las abejas y responde a las preguntas.

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Los invertebrados nos rodean

  1. En esta actividad os proponemos la elaboración de un póster o una presentación digital sobre los invertebrados que podemos encontrar en nuestro entorno. 
  2. Lo podéis hacer tanto en grupo como individualmente; en grupo puede ser muy interesante e incluso divertido.
  3. Lo primero que tenemos que hacer es investigar sobre los invertebrados que nos rodean en el lugar donde vivimos. Incluso si vivimos en una ciudad, te sorprenderá saber la cantidad de invertebrados que podemos encontrar cerca de nosotros. Para ello puedes buscar en sitios web de Internet y páginas especializadas en naturaleza y biología. 
  4. Una vez localizadas páginas web interesantes sobre nuestros vecinos invertebrados, selecciona la información sobre aquellos animales que son más abundantes en tu zona.
  5. Imprime y escribe fotos, datos sobre el grupo al que pertenece, su nombre científico, de qué se alimentan, datos curiosos sobre cómo viven, cuál es su lugar favorito o dónde se encuentran con más frecuencia; también puedes dibujarlos.
  6. No olvides incluir alguna recomendación para ayudar a cuidar a estos animales tan necesarios en nuestro entorno. Recuerda: todos tienen su función en la naturaleza.
  7. Elabora el póster. Una vez seleccionada la información, solo queda mostrarla en una cartulina o crear una presentación en formato digital, si sabes elaborarla.
  8. Tanto en un formato como en otro, seguro que os quedan unos trabajos estupendos que podéis compartir con el resto de compañeros.