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La Década Ominosa (1823-1833)

Esta vuelta al absolutismo supuso la destrucción de la obra legislativa del Trienio Liberal y de nuevo una gran represión contra los liberales. Durante esta etapa, Fernando VII y su gobierno tuvieron que hacer frente a una gran crisis económica, pues la guerra había dejado la Hacienda en quiebra. Tampoco llegaban ingresos de América debido a la independencia de los territorios de ultramar, lo que hizo temblar las arcas del Estado.

Con esta aguda crisis económica, llegaron varias reformas en el país. Se crean un Consejo de Ministros, el Ministerio de Fomento y la Bolsa. La Hacienda se reorganizó y se impulsó el establecimiento de un presupuesto anual para el Estado, para controlar el gasto público.

Ante las apremiantes necesidades económicas del país, la corona pidió la colaboración de la burguesía adinerada de la industria textil catalana. Esto fue mal visto por los absolutistas, pues entendían que era un acercamiento a los liberales. Los sectores absolutistas más intransigentes, los realistas puros, pretendían, así, la represión total en contra de los liberales por parte del monarca. Tras ver las sucesivas reformas realizadas por el rey, le tildaron de moderado y benévolo con el liberalismo. Por ello, denominaron a esta década como abominable u ominosa.

Retrato de la reina niña Isabel II de España
Wikimedia Commons/Carlos Luis de Ribera y Fieve. Retrato de la reina niña Isabel II de España (Dominio público)

A todo esto, se unió el conflicto dinástico. En 1830, Fernando VII solo contaba para su sucesión son dos hijas, Isabel y Luisa Fernanda, de su matrimonio con María Cristina de Borbón. Ante esta situación, existía un problema: la Ley Sálica impedía el derecho a las mujeres a reinar en España. Por ello, el rey tuvo que promulgar la Pragmática Sanción para la derogación esta ley. Esta situación empeoró la relación con los absolutistas intransigentes, que defendían que el trono correspondía a Carlos María Isidro, hermano de Fernando VII, y no a Isabel, primogénita del rey. 

Tras la muerte de Fernando VII en 1833, se inició una guerra civil entre los partidarios de Isabel o isabelinos y los partidarios de Carlos María Isidro o carlistas. No era una guerra civil únicamente por el trono o por si lo ocupaba un hombre o una mujer. Se trató de un conflicto por el triunfo de una forma de gobierno: el absolutismo o la monarquía liberal.

Retrato de Carlos María Isidro
Wikimedia Commons/Vicent López Portaña. Retrato de Carlos María Isidro (Dominio público)

¡A por el rosco de palabras!

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Observa las definiciones y rellena las palabras que faltan.

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0123456789101112131415161718192021222324252601234567891011121314151617181920212223242526
Su navegador no es compatible con esta herramienta.

¿Están en orden?

Lee atentamente los siguientes eventos y ordénalos cronológicamente.

  • Tratado de Valençay
  • Entrada Fernando VII en Girona
  • Manifiesto de los Persas
  • Decreto de Valencia
  • Pronunciamiento de Espoz y Mina
  • Pronunciamiento de Riego
  • Congreso de Verona
  • Entrada en España del duque de Angulema y los Cien Mil Hijos de San Luis
  • Pragmática Sanción
  • Muerte de Fernando VII

Comprobar

¡Correcto!

No es correcto... Respuesta correcta: